SQL WHERE Clause

SQL > SQL Commands > WHERE Clause

The WHERE clause is used to filter the result set based on the condition specified following the word WHERE.

The WHERE clause can be used with the following types of SQL statements:

SELECT
UPDATE
DELETE

Syntax

The syntax for using WHERE in the SELECT statement is as follows:

SELECT "column_name"
FROM "table_name"
WHERE "condition";

The syntax for using WHERE in the UPDATE statement is as follows:

UPDATE "table_name"
SET "column_1" = [new value]
WHERE "condition";

The syntax for using WHERE in the DELETE statement is as follows:

DELETE FROM "table_name"
WHERE "condition";

"Condition" can include a single comparison clause (called simple condition) or multiple comparison clauses combined together using AND or OR operators (compound condition).

Examples

We provide examples here to show how to use WHERE in the SELECT statement.

Example 1: WHERE Clause With Simple Condition

To select all stores with sales above $1,000 in Table Store_Information,

Table Store_Information

Store_Name	Sales	Txn_Date
Los Angeles	1500	Jan-05-1999
San Diego	250	Jan-07-1999
Los Angeles	300	Jan-08-1999
Boston	700	Jan-08-1999

we key in,

SELECT Store_Name
FROM Store_Information
WHERE Sales > 1000;

Result:

Store_Name

Los Angeles

Example 2: WHERE Clause With OR Operator

To view all data with sales greater than $1,000 or with transaction date of 'Jan-08-1999', we use the following SQL,

SELECT *
FROM Store_Information
WHERE Sales > 1000 OR Txn_Date = 'Jan-08-1999';

Result:

Store_Name	Sales	Txn_Date
Los Angeles	1500	Jan-05-1999
Los Angeles	300	Jan-08-1999
Boston	700	Jan-08-1999

The first returned row has sales greater than $1,000. The next two returned rows have a transaction date of 'Jan-08-1999.'

Using WHERE With UPDATE and DELETE

As mentioned above, the WHERE clause can be used with UPDATE and DELETE statements in addition to the SELECT statement. Examples of how to use the WHERE clause with these two commands can be seen in the UPDATE and DELETE sections.

Exercises

For these exercises, assume we have a table called Users with the following data:

Table Users

First_Name	Last_Name	Birth_Date	Gender	Join_Date
Sophie	Lee	Jan-05-1960	F	Apr-05-2015
Richard	Brown	Jan-07-1975	M	Apr-05-2015
Jamal	Santo	Oct-08-1983	M	Apr-09-2015
Casey	Healy	Sep-20-1969	M	Apr-09-2015
Jill	Wilkes	Nov-20-1979	F	Apr-15-2015

1. Which of the following SQL statement is valid? (There can be more than one answer)
a) SELECT * FROM Users WHERE Gender = 'M';
b) SELECT * WHERE Gender = 'M' FROM Users;
c) SELECT Gender= 'M' FROM Users;
d) SELECT Gender FROM Users WHERE Last_Name = 'Wilkes';

2. What's the result of the following query?
SELECT * FROM Users WHERE Join_Date = 'Apr-09-2015';

3. (True or False) The condition used in the WHERE clause must include a column that is part of the SELECT clause.

Next: SQL AND OR